Maxillary cysts
What are jaw cysts of dental origin?
There are many types of jaw cysts of dental origin. The most frequent type of jaw cyst is the radicular cyst, which is odontogenic and inflammatory in nature. This means it is caused by dental issues such as cavities or trauma. Non-odontogenic cysts are much less common and have varied origins.
Jaw cysts of dental origin are located around the root of the teeth. They consist of a sac with an epithelial lining, while the exterior tissue can be connective or fibrous. The content can also be liquid or fibrous.
In most cases, they are rounded in shape and occur as a result of a previous infection affecting the tooth and the supporting bone, stemming from a deep cavity or the failure or impossibility of a root canal treatment.
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For diagnosis, periapical and panoramic X-rays, as well as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), are performed. These are key to identifying the cause and planning the appropriate treatment. Once its presence is confirmed and its location studied, the specialist’s goal is surgical excision or removal, aiming to save the affected tooth whenever possible. However, in some cases, the extraction of the affected tooth is necessary.
The procedure is performed under local anesthesia, and the surgery typically does not exceed one hour. During this process, the surgeon must thoroughly clean the cystic cavity and properly treat the tooth if the plan is to save it.
In cases of jaw cysts of dental origin, techniques such as periapical surgery make it possible to save more than 90% of the affected teeth.
Once the cystic cavity has been cleaned, in most cases, bone regeneration techniques are not necessary, as these cavities are self-contained defects that regenerate very well on their own. Bone grafting should not be used when it is not required, as grafts can increase the likelihood of infection.
Symptoms of jaw cysts of dental origin
In their early stages, cysts are very difficult to detect and are usually identified by the dentist during a routine check-up via X-ray. They are not painful unless they become infected or grow significantly in size. In such cases, swelling of the jawbone occurs, and even mobility of the affected teeth may be observed.
It is advisable to visit the dentist at the first sign of symptoms to rule out cysts. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the sooner treatment is applied, the less impact there will be on the affected area. For this reason, if you notice jaw swelling, a lump felt by the tongue, or discomfort while chewing, early prevention through a consultation is the best course of action.
Most jaw cysts of dental origin are benign and non-tumoral, containing tissue with inflammatory cells. This tissue may contain liquid, pus, blood, or a mixture of these.
However, once removed, the surgeon must send the cyst for analysis to rule out any more serious pathologies.
Post-operative care for jaw cysts of dental origin
As previously explained, the treatment for these cysts consists of their removal through a brief surgical procedure performed under local anesthesia.
It is a painless procedure, although it typically causes slight swelling (edema) during the post-operative period.
As with any orofacial procedure, hygiene is vital. Since bacteria proliferate easily, keeping the area clean is essential to prevent infection at the surgical site.
Therefore, it is crucial for the patient to follow the specialist’s instructions and attend post-operative check-ups to rule out infections and ensure that recovery is progressing satisfactorily
In cases where the size of the cyst prevents the dentist from saving the patient’s teeth, dental implants can be placed to replace the missing teeth once a few months have passed to allow the area to regenerate and new bone to form.
At our dental clinic in Valencia, we are specialists in the diagnosis and treatment of cysts, both of dental and non-odontogenic origin. Furthermore, when the origin is dental, we have extensive experience in applying periapical surgery to save the affected teeth.
Book an appointment for jaw cysts of dental origin in Valencia
At the IDIM Institute of Implantology, led by the Peñarrocha doctors, we don’t just care for your smile—we provide effective solutions, backed by our extensive experience and dedication.
With over 30 years of specialization in dental implantology, we apply advanced techniques and cutting-edge technology to ensure the best results for our patients.
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